Civil Service Exam: സമ്പദ്‌വ്യവസ്ഥയിലെ പണപ്പെരുപ്പം നിയന്ത്രിക്കാൻ സർക്കാര്‍ കൈക്കൊള്ളുന്ന നടപടികള്‍ ?

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is correct. In an inflated economy, the government will try to suck out some money in order to control inflation by restricting the money supply. When the direct tax increases, the disposable income of the households will reduce. This further reduces their demands and makes prices fall.

Statement 2 is not correct. A decrease indirect tax will not benefit inflation but it can do the opposite effect. A decrease in indirect tax will enable more disposable income in the hands of people, making the demand for goods to increase thereby increasing the prices of goods increasing inflation.

Statement 3 is correct. Reduction in unnecessary expenditure by the government will reduce the money supply in the economy by providing fewer jobs and will also reduce the government side of demand, thereby reducing demand-pull inflation.

Answer (c)

•    To enable the textile industry to become globally competitive, attract large investments, and boost employment generation, a scheme of Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) will be launched in addition to the PLI scheme.
•    This will create a world-class infrastructure with plug-and-play facilities to enable create global champions in exports. 7 Textile Parks will be established over 3 years.

Answer (b)

•    The strategic city of Sheberghan, the capital of Jawzjan province in northern Afghanistan, fell to the Taliban after clashes.

Answer (b)

Statement 1 is not correct. Acidic rocks are characterized by the high content of silica (quartz and feldspar) — up to 80 percent.
o    The rest is divided among aluminum, alkalis, magnesium, iron oxide, lime, etc.
o    Basic rocks are poor in silica (about 40 percent); magnesia content is up to 40 percent, and the remaining is spread over iron oxide, lime, aluminum, alkalis, potassium, etc.

Statement 2 is correct. Acidic rocks have a lesser content of heavier minerals like iron and magnesium. Hence, they are less dense and are lighter in color than basic rocks. 
In Basic rocks, the Presence of heavy elements imparts to these rocks a dark color. Not being very hard, these rocks are weathered relatively easily.

Answer (b)

Statement 1 is not correct. Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the nodal authority for issuing Aadhaar cards has rolled out ‘Bal Aadhaar’, meant for kids under 5 years of age. It is also known as "Blue Aadhar". 
Blue Aadhaar literally means Kid’s Aadhaar. It will have a blue color to differentiate it from regular Aadhaar. It will be linked with one of the parent’s Aadhar.
Statement 2 is correct. Blue Aadhaar will have no biometric identification, like Iris scan or fingerprint scans, as their parents will be accompanying their ward when such identification is required. 
The first mandatory biometric update is required at the age of five to include a child's biometric information like fingerprints and iris scans. The second mandatory biometric update is required at the age of 15.

Answer (b) 

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. It means Indian Federation is not coming together of states (agreement) but holding together of states. Here, power flows from the Union and not from the states. Therefore, Indian federalism is also called centripetal federalism where power is more towards the Union. India is also called as “Indestructible Union of destructible states.”

Statement 3 is not correct. Parliament can alter state borders and change its name. By law, Parliament can form a new state by separating the territory from any state, by merging two or more states or parts of states. Parliament can also reduce or increase the area or alter the boundary of any state or even change its name. But first, a bill on the matter has to be referred by the President to the legislature of the affected state so that the legislature can express its views within a certain period.

Answer (b)

Statement 1 is not correct. Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth’s oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes.

Statement 2 is correct. Eutrophication sets off a chain reaction in the ecosystem, starting with an overabundance of algae and plants. The excess algae and plant matter eventually decompose, producing large amounts of carbon dioxide. This lowers the pH of seawater, a process known as ocean acidification.

Statement 3 is correct. Checking CO and CO2 emissions and controlling pollution are the means to reduce ocean acidification.As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH, a process collectively known as ocean acidification.
 

Answer (c)

Statement 1 iscorrect. Champion and Seth (1968) have used temperature and rainfall data for classifying the Indian forest into five major groups and 16 type groups (climatic types) and >200 subgroup types.

Statement 2 is correct. The biennial ‘India State of Forest Report (ISFR)’, a report published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) that assesses the forest and tree resources of the country including wall-to-wall forest cover mapping in a biennial cycle uses this Champion & Seth Classification (1968).

Answer (c) 

•    The Mega Science Projects are very large in terms of outlays and the complexity involved, making it necessary for a user group, institution or even individual countries to join hands with other similarly interested partners. Implementation of such projects involves multi-institutional teams, including possible international collaboration.
•    The Mega Science Vision (MSV)-2035 exercise has been undertaken by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the GOI. The support to projects has now become necessary in fields of research due to the need for experimentation, collection, and analysis of data on large scale.
•    The Year 2035 has been chosen keeping in view the timelines of similar exercises undertaken elsewhere in the world and the expected lifetime of the utilization of major global facilities in which India is involved at the present time. The MSV-2035 Exercise has begun in the right earnest and will result in Road-Map Documents in the said areas after widespread national stakeholder consultations.

Answer (a)

•    Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology that uses quantum physics to secure the distribution of symmetric encryption keys. It is a secure communication method that implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. 
•    It works by sending photons, which are “quantum particles” of light, across an optical link. The principles of quantum physics stipulate that observation of a quantum state causes perturbation. 
•    The various QKD protocols are designed to ensure that any attempt by an eavesdropper to observe the transmitted photons will indeed perturb the transmission. This perturbation will lead to transmission errors, which can be detected by legitimate users. This is used to verify the security of the distributed keys.
•    Recently Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) had successfully conducted QKD technology communication trials between two laboratories in Hyderabad.