സിവില്‍ സര്‍വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ: വിഭവസമാഹരണത്തിൽ ഇന്ത്യ നേരിടുന്ന പ്രശ്‌നങ്ങൾ ഏതൊക്കെയാണ് ?

Answer (d)

All the given statements are correct.

•    In 1956 ‘union territories’ were constituted by the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act (1956) and the States Reorganisation Act (1956).
•    Some of these union territories have been elevated to statehood like Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Goa, which are states today were formerly union territories.
•    The Parliament can make laws on any subject of the three lists (including the State List) for the union territories.
•    The President can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and Daman and Diu.
•    A regulation made by the President has the same force and effect as an act of Parliament
•    The Parliament can establish a high court for a union territory
•    The territorial waters and the exclusive economic zones shall also become part of the states or union territories in the absence of any listing of them separately in Schedule 1 and 4 of the constitution.
•    An economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its coast.
 

Answer (a)

Statement 1 is correct. There is no provision of SCS in the Constitution; the Central government extends financial assistance to states that are at a comparative disadvantage against others. The concept of SCS emerged in 1969 when the Gadgil formula (that determined Central assistance to states) was approved.

Statement 2 is correct. Some prominent guidelines for getting SCS status:
o    Must be economically backward with poor infrastructure.
o    The states must be located in hilly and challenging terrain.
o    They should have a low population density and a significant tribal population.
o    Should be strategically situated along the borders of neighboring countries.

Statement 3 is not correct. The central government bears 90 percent of the state expenditure on all centrally-sponsored schemes and external aid while the rest 10 percent is given as a loan to the state at a zero percent rate of interest.
o    Preferential treatment in getting central funds.
o    Concession on excise duty to attract industries to the state.
o    30 percent of the Centre’s gross budget also goes to special category states. There are no tax-free benefits availed by the businesses in the SCS states
 

Answer (a)

•    e-RUPI is a cashless and contactless instrument for digital payment. It is a QR code or SMS string-based e-Voucher, which is delivered to the mobile of the beneficiaries.
•    The users of this seamless one-time payment mechanism will be able to redeem the voucher without a card, digital payments app, or internet banking access, at the service provider. 
•    It has been developed by the National Payments Corporation of India on its UPI platform, in collaboration with the Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, and National Health Authority.
•    e-RUPI connects the sponsors of the services with the beneficiaries and service providers in a digital manner without any physical interface. 
•    It also ensures that the payment to the service provider is made only after the transaction is completed. 
•    Being pre-paid in nature, it assures timely payment to the service provider without the involvement of any intermediary.
 

Answer (d)

•    Mobilization of resources means the freeing up of locked resources. Every country has economic resources within its territory known as domestic resources. But often they might not be available for collective use. The percentage of resources used when compared to the potential is often very low. For a country to grow, identification and mobilization of its resources are necessary. It should be available for easy use and for central and state-level planning.
•    When it comes to natural resources, India, though a country with sufficient reserves, due to policy bottlenecks, is importing coal and iron. This is increasing our Current Account Deficit.
•    The country, though have one of the highest youth populations in the world, still the number of skilled persons is very minimal.
•    Low tax base, tax evasion, etc. makes the complete economic resource mobilization a difficult process.

Answer (a)

•    Dehing Patkai National Park is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam and covers an area of 231.65 km² rainforests. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary on 13 June 2004. On 13 December 2020 Government of Assam upgraded it into a national park. 
•    About Dehing Patkai: 
o    The oldest refinery of Asia in Digboi and ‘open cast’ coal mining at Lido are located near the sanctuary.
o    It is famous for Assam Valley Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests bordering Arunachal Pradesh.
o    Rare fauna found in the region includes Chinese pangolin, flying fox, wild pig, sambar, barking deer, gaur, serow and Malayan giant squirrels.
o    It is the only sanctuary in India that is home to seven different species of wild cats
o    Dehing Patkai is a deciduous rainforest interspersed with semi-evergreen and lush green flora.
 

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is correct. CRZ 2018 notification is based on the recommendation of the Shailesh Nayak committee constituted by the MoEFCC in June 2014 for comprehensive evaluation of provisions under CRZ 2011 notification as demanded by various coastal States/UTs along with other stakeholders. the committee recommended relaxation on the terms set up by the CRZ 2011 notification. The major objective behind the recommendations was to boost tourism, port construction, and real estate. The committee suggested diluting the regulatory powers of the Central Government in the coastal areas. Except for those activities which require environmental clearances all other activities should fall under the ambit of state and local planning bodies. Based on the recommendations of the Shailesh Nayak committee, the suggestions were given by the coastal states and union territories, and the CRZ 2018 notifications were issued.

Statement 2 is correct. Tourism infrastructure for basic amenities to be promoted: Temporary tourism facilities such as shacks, toilet blocks, change rooms, drinking water facilities etc. have now been permitted in Beaches. Such temporary tourism facilities are also now permissible in the "No Development Zone" (NDZ) of the CRZ-III areas as per the Notification. However, a minimum distance of 10 m from HTL should be maintained for the setting up of such facilities.
 

Answer (c)

•    Bharathi, began his career as a journalist and as a sub-editor in ‘Swadesamitran’ in 1904. He also published and edited in journals like ‘Vijaya’ and ‘India’. His writings induced and influenced the patriotic spirit of the Tamil youth.
•    Swadesamitran was founded by Indian nationalist G. Subramaniam Iyer four years after he had started – TheHindu.
•    New India was an early 20th-century daily newspaper published in India by Annie Besant, to highlight issues related to the Indian freedom struggle.

Answer (b)

A Scramjet is an advanced version of the ramjet which is a form of air-breathing jet engine that uses the vehicle’s forward motion to compress incoming air for combustion without a rotating compressor. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (three times the speed of sound) and can operate up to speeds of Mach 12. However, the ramjet efficiency starts to drop when the vehicle reaches hypersonic speeds. To address this issue, scramjet is introduced.

Statement 1 is not correct. The working range of the Scramjet engine is between Mach 3-12.

Statement 2 is correct. A scramjet engine is an improvement over the ramjet engine as it efficiently operates at hypersonic speeds and allows supersonic combustion. Thus, it is known as Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (Scramjet).

Statement 3 is not correct. The Scramjet engine designed by ISRO uses Hydrogen as fuel and oxygen from the atmospheric air as the oxidizer. The air-breathing jet engine uses the vehicle’s forward motion to compress incoming air for combustion without a rotating compressor.

Answer (c)

•    Karewas are the thick deposits of glacial clay and other materials embedded with moraines.
•    The karewas are mainly devoted to the cultivation of saffron, almond, walnut, apple and orchards.
•    The karewas, devoted to saffron cultivation are fetching good income to the growers.