സിവില്‍ സര്‍വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ: 2017-2031 ലെ ദേശീയ വന്യജീവി ആക്ഷൻ പ്ലാനിലെ (NWAP) പ്രധാന വിഷയങ്ങളെന്തൊക്കെ ?

Answer (d)

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Controller General of Accounts (CGA), in the Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance, is the Principal Accounting Adviser to the Government of India and is responsible for establishing and maintaining a technically sound Management Accounting System.
Statement 3 is correct. The Office of CGA prepares monthly and annual analyses of expenditure, revenues, borrowings, and various fiscal indicators for the Union Government. The Annual Appropriation Accounts (Civil) and Union Finance Accounts are submitted to Parliament on the advice of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India under Article 150 of the Constitution. Along with these documents, an M.I.S Report titled ‘Accounts at a Glance’ is prepared and circulated to Hon’ble Members of Parliament.

Answer (a)

Statement 1 is correct: The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 is an Act of the Parliament of India, which enables the creation of a special tribunal to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental issues.
It draws inspiration from India's constitutional provision of (Constitution of India/Part III) Article 21 Protection of life and personal liberty, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.
Statement 2 is not correct: The NGT has the power to hear all civil cases relating to environmental issues and questions that are linked to the implementation of laws listed in Schedule I of the NGT Act. These include the following:
o    The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
o    The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
o    The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980;
o    The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
o    The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
o    The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991;
o    The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
Importantly, the NGT has not been vested with powers to hear any matter relating to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, the Indian Forest Act, 1927, and various laws enacted by States relating to forests, tree preservation, etc. Therefore, specific and substantial issues related to these laws cannot be raised before the NGT. 

Answer (d)

    India’s National Wildlife Action Plan (NWAP) for the period 2017-2031 and Secure Himalaya were released on the occasion. 
    The Plan focuses on the preservation of genetic diversity and sustainable development. The NWAP has five components, 17 themes, 103 conservation actions and 250 projects. 
    The five components are – strengthening and promoting the integrated management of wildlife and their habitats; adaptation to climate change and promoting integrated sustainable management of aquatic biodiversity in India; promoting eco-tourism, nature education, and participatory management; strengthening wildlife research and monitoring of the development of human resources in wildlife conservation and enabling policies and resources for conservation of wildlife in India.
    The Plan will help mainstream wildlife conservation in development planning processes.

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is not correct. National Rhino Conservation Strategy for India is an active engagement between India and Nepal to conserve the greater one-horned rhinoceros. The single population of rhinos in Sukla-Phanta (Nepal), Valmiki tiger reserve (India) and Chitwan National Park (Nepal), and Dudhwa (India) is separated by the political boundary between the two countries. Instead of managing the two populations differ in the two countries, the plan focuses on the managing rhino population with the same protocol.
Statement 2 is not correct. The Indian rhinoceros also called greater one-horned rhinoceros or great Indian rhinoceros is a rhinoceros species native to the Indian subcontinent. It is the only large mammal species in Asia to be down-listed from endangered to vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN Red list in 2008.
Statement 3 is correct. Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) was designed in 2005, the IRV2020 is believed to have achieved its target of attaining a population of 3,000 rhinos in Assam. 

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is correct. Under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, an adult woman belonging to a poor family not having an LPG connection in her household is an eligible beneficiary under the expanded scheme. Release of LPG connection under this Scheme shall be in the name of the women belonging to the BPL family.
Statement 2 is correct. The Scheme provides financial support of Rs 1600 for each LPG connection to the BPL households, interest-free loans to purchase stoves and refills by Oil Marketing Companies. The administrative cost of Rs. 1600 per connection, which includes a cylinder, pressure regulator, booklet, safety hose, etc. would be borne by the Government.

Answer (a)

Statement 1 is correct. Poultry has the largest share in animal husbandry in India. Other animals which include camels, asses, horses, ponies and mules are in the lowest rung.
Statement 2 is correct. India ranks second in fruits and vegetable production in the world, after China.
Statement 3 is not correct. In India, presently fish production from inland sources contributes about 65 percent to the total value of fish production and the balance 35 percent comes from the marine sector (sea and oceans). Today total fish production accounts for 0.9 percent of the total GDP.

Answer (d)

    The properties of an air mass which influence the accompanying weather are vertical distribution temperature (indicating its stability and coldness or warmness) and the moisture content.
    The air masses carry atmospheric moisture from oceans to continents and cause precipitation over landmasses. They transport latent heat, thus removing the latitudinal heat imbalance.
    Most of the migratory atmospheric disturbances such as cyclones and storms originate at the contact zone between different air masses and the weather associated with these disturbances is determined by characteristics of the air masses involved.

Answer (d)

Statement 1 is correct: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, and death. 
As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicines become ineffective and infections become increasingly difficult or impossible to treat.
Statement 2 is correct: AMR occurs naturally over time, usually through genetic changes. Antimicrobial-resistant organisms are found in people, animals, food, plants and the environment (in water, soil, and air). 
Statement 3 is correct: They can spread from person to person or between people and animals, including from food of animal origin. The main drivers of antimicrobial resistance include the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials; lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for both humans and animals; poor infection and disease prevention and control in healthcare facilities and farms; poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics; lack of awareness and knowledge; and lack of enforcement of legislation.   

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is correct. The first Factory Act of 1881 (1st Act) was passed by Lord Ripon. 
Statement 2 is correct. According to the act, children between the ages of 7-12, were to work for 9 hours/ day. Also, it prohibited the employment of children below the age of 7 years in factories.
Statement 3 is not correct. The weekly holiday for all workers was provided by the Factory Act of 1891.
Statement 4 is correct. Mid-day meal intervals, 4 holidays/ month, and fencing of machinery in the factory were also provided by the first factories act.
This act applies only to factories using mechanical powers, employing not less than 100 works and working for not more than 4 months in a year.
In 1890, the Indian factory commission was appointed and, on its report, the next factory act of 1891, was passed. 
 

Answer (b)

Statement 1 is not correct. The paintings here can be divided into three categories: man, animal, and geometric patterns in white, black, and red ochre. Humans are represented in stick-like forms. A long-snouted animal, a fox, and a multiple-legged lizard are the main animal motifs. Wavy lines, rectangle-filled geometric designs, and groups of dots can also be seen here. 
Statement 2 is correct. One of the interesting scenes depicted here is of hand-linked dancing human figures. There is some superimposition of paintings. The earliest are in black; over these are red ochre paintings and the last group comprises white paintings.