സിവില്‍ സര്‍വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ: ഏന്താണ് 'ഡീംഡ് ഫോറസ്റ്റ്സ്' ?

Answer (b)

    The One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India extends the deadline for the cessation of the reservation of seats for members from Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the LokSabha and State Legislative Assemblies by a period of 10 years. 
    The reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set to expire on 26 January 2020 as mandated by the Ninety-Fifth Amendment but was extended for another 10 years because 
    Although the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes have made considerable progress in the last 70 years, the reasons which weighed with the Constituent Assembly in making provisions with regard to the aforesaid reservation of seats have not yet ceased to exist. 
    Therefore, with a view to retaining the inclusive character as envisioned by the founding fathers of the Constitution, it is proposed to continue the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for another ten years i.e., up to 25th January 2030. Hence the amendment retained the inclusive character as envisioned by the founding fathers of the Constitution. So, the second statement is correct. 
    The amendment does not, however, extend the period of reservation of the 2 LokSabha seats reserved for members of the Anglo-Indian Community and thus the practice of nominating two members of the Anglo-Indian community by the President of India under the recommendation of the Prime Minister of India was effectively abolished. Therefore, the first statement is not correct.

Answer (c)

    For UT of Jammu and Kashmir, Police, public order, All India Services, and anti-corruption, will fall under the executive functions of the LG, implying that the Chief Minister or the Council of Ministers will have no say in their functioning. 
    The proposals or matters which affect or are likely to affect the peace and tranquillity of the UT or the interest of any minority community, the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, and the Backward Classes ―shall essentially be submitted to the Lieutenant Governor through the Chief Secretary, under intimation to the Chief Minister, before issuing any orders.
    In case of difference of opinion between the LG and a Minister when no agreement could be reached even after a month, the ―decision of the Lieutenant Governor shall be deemed to have been accepted by the Council of Ministers

Answer (d)

    Bioethanol is the form of ethanol we get from a biological routine. It is a clean fuel we can mix with petrol to run automobiles without modifying the engine.
    Usually, the production of this fuel involves the fermentation of various materials that contain fermentable sugars or carbohydrates.
    There are four types of feedstocks we can use for this production; starchy crops, lignocellulosic biomass, algal biomass, and industrial waste. 
    Advantages of Bioethanol over Conventional Fuels are
o    A renewable source of energy 
o    Reduced greenhouse gas emissions 
o    Biodegradable, thus, far less toxic 
o    Ability to easily integrate into existing road transport fuel system 
o    Using bioethanol in older engines will also reduce carbon monoxide production 

Answer (a)

    The concept of deemed forests has not been clearly defined in any law including the Forest Conservation Act of 1980. 
    However, the Supreme Court in the case of T N Godavarman Thirumalpad (1996) accepted a wide definition of forests under the Act. 
    It covered all statutorily recognized forests, whether designated as reserved, protected, or otherwise for the purpose of Section 2 (1) of the Forest Conservation Act. 
    The term ‘forest land’ occurring in Section 2 will not only include forests understood in the dictionary sense but also any areas recorded as forest in the government record irrespective of the owners said the court.

Answer (a)

    The concept of ‘invisible hand’ was propounded by economist Adam Smith in his book “The Wealth of Nations”. It is a metaphor for unseen forces that move the free market economy. He assumed that an economy can work well in a free-market scenario where everyone will work for his/her own interest. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. 
    He suggested that if people were allowed to trade freely, self-interested traders present in the market would compete with each other, leading markets towards the positive output with the help of an invisible hand. 
    As per the economic survey 2019-20 ― the invisible hand of markets refers to the unobservable market force that helps demand and supply of goods to reach equilibrium. 
    With increasing market openness and less government intervention, the invisible hands get stronger. The survey states after LPG reforms in India, the government intervention in the market is considerably reduced, which has strengthened the concept of the Invisible hand of the market. 

Answer (b)

    Deadweight loss is also known as an excess burden. It is a measure of lost economic efficiency when the socially optimal quantity of a good or service is not produced. Non-optimal production can be caused by monopoly pricing in the case of artificial scarcity, a positive or negative externality, a tax or subsidy, or a binding price ceiling or price floor such as a minimum wage. 
    Consequential economic loss is the economic loss that proximately results from failure of the goods to function as warranted, loss of goodwill, loss of business reputation, and other loss proximately resulting from a defective product beyond direct economic loss. 

Answer (a)

    The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area, therefore, receives the maximum heat and is called the torrid zone.

Answer (a)

    Ship ICGS Sachet is the first in a series of five offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) being built by the Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL). 
    The IBs, C450, and C451 are designed & built by the Larsen & Toubro Shipyard, Hazira- the 30metre longboats are capable of achieving speeds in excess of 45 knots and are designed for the high-speed interception, close patrol, and low-intensity operations.

Answer (a)

    The Congress session at Calcutta marked an almost split among the leaders who wanted dominion and leaders who wanted complete Independence. Ultimately it was resolved that if the British parliament accepts the Nehru report by 31 December 1929, Congress would adopt the report as it is. If the report is not accepted by the British parliament, Congress would insist in Complete Independence and would organize a nonviolent Non-cooperation movement. 
    The one-year deadline passed and no positive reply came from the Government. This was followed by the Lahore Session of Congress which was presided by Jawaharlal Nehru. 
    The most landmark resolution was that the Nehru Committee Report had now lapsed and Dominion status will not be acceptable. A PoornaSwarajya Resolution was passed and it was Swarajya means complete Independence. 
    In pursuance of this resolution, the Central and Provincial Legislatures had to be boycotted completely and all the future elections were also to be boycotted. A Programme of Civil Disobedience was to be launched. 
    The Congress working committee met on January 2, 1930, and on that day, it was decided that January 26, 1930, should be observed as PoornaSwarajya Day, as on that day, a PoornaSwarajya pledge was drafted by Mahatma Gandhi. 

Answer (d)

    The Gommateshwara statue is the tallest monolithic statue in the world, carved out of a single block of granite. 
    It is 57-foot high monolithic and located on Vindhyagiri at Shravanbelagola in the Indian state of Karnataka.