സിവില്‍ സര്‍വ്വീസ് പരീക്ഷ: 'രാഷ്ട്രീയ നീതി' എന്ന വാക്ക് ഭരണഘടനയിൽ എവിടെയാണ് പരാമർശിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളത് ?

Answer (a)

Statement 1 is correct: The law on sedition was originally drafted by Lord Macaulay and became a part of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 1870. Many Indian freedom fighters, including Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, were charged with sedition during the freedom struggle.
Statement 2 is correct: Section 124A of the IPC defines sedition and makes every speech or expression that “brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India” a criminal offense punishable with a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.
Statement 3 is incorrect: In the Kedar Nath Singh vs. State of Bihar case, (1962) Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of sedition, but limited its application to “acts involving intention or tendency to create disorder, or disturbance of law and order, or incitement to violence”. It distinguished these from “very strong speech” or the use of “vigorous words” strongly critical of the government.

Answer (b)

    Article 38 (DPSP)of the constitution states state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order permeated by justice- social, economic, and political and to minimize inequalities in income status, facilities and opportunities. 
    The preamble of our constitution reads as follows: ―WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, have solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
    Even though the objective of fundamental rights is to ensure political justice, the word 'political justice' does not find mention in this part. 

Answer (b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: INI is a global network of scientists, created and sponsored by SCOPE and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), with regional centres in Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, South, and East Asia.
Statement 2 is correct: It was established formally in 2003 to review the current understanding of the nitrogen cycle and to interact with decision-makers and practitioners in order to identify management options that optimize the use of nitrogen fertilizers while minimizing the negative effects of nitrogen on human health and the environment as a result of food and energy production.

Answer(b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: It is a permanent freshwater lake in the southwest of Guwahati city, Assam.
Statement 2 is correct: It is recognized as a Ramsar Site (a wetland of international importance) and a bird wildlife sanctuary.
Statement 3 is correct: Birdlife International has also declared DeeporBeel as an Important Bird Area (IBA).

Answer (c)

Statement 1 is incorrect: FDI inflow is supposed to bring in additional capital to augment potential output (taking managerial control/stake). 
Statement 2 is incorrect: In contrast, foreign portfolio investment is short-term investment in domestic capital (equity and debt) markets to realize better financial returns (that is, higher dividend/interest rate plus capital gains).
Statement 3 is correct: Total foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in 2020-21 is $81.7 billion, up 10% over the previous year, reported a recent Ministry of Commerce and Industry. FDI inflow increasingly consists of private equity funds, which are usually disinvested after 3-5 years to book profits (per its business model). In principle, private equity funds do not make long-term greenfield investments.

Answer (c)

    Dr. K.P. Krishnan headed an expert committee on Variable Capital Company has submitted its report on the feasibility of Variable Capital Companies in the International Financial Services Centres. 
    It examined the suitability of the Variable Capital Company as a vehicle for fund management in the International Financial Services Centre in India.
    It explored the potential for allowing another legal structure – popularly known as a variable capital company (VCC) – as an additional option through which asset managers could pool the investors’ funds.

Answer (b)

    This has spread to plain, tropical, and subtropical areas in various parts of India, where the temperature is as high as 40 -45 ºC during summer.
    Commercial cultivation of this apple variety has been initiated in Manipur, Jammu, low lying areas of Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka Chhattisgarh, and Telangana, and the fruit set has been expanded to 23 states & UTs so far.
    This innovative apple variety – HRMN 99 can be grown in low chilling conditions.
    The innovative variety was scouted by the National Innovation Foundation (NIF) an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

Answer (c)

    SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation) scheme is an initiative aimed at setting up Compressed Bio-Gas production plants and make them available in the market for use in automotive fuels by inviting Expression of Interest from potential entrepreneurs.
     It aims to achieve the production of 15 MMT of CBG from 5000 plants by 2023.

Answer (c)

    An increase in a number of schools and colleges had led to the deterioration of education standards. A Hartog Committee was set up to report on the development of education
    Its main recommendations were as follows.
o    Emphasis should be given to primary education but there need be no hasty expansion or compulsion in education.
o    Only deserving students should go in for high school and intermediate stage, while average students should be diverted to vocational courses afterVIII standard.
o    For improvements in standards of university education, admissions should be restricted.

Answer (a)

Statement 1 is correct: The Trirashmi or Pandav Leni caves are a group of 25 caves that were carved out of Trirashmi Hill between the 2nd century BC and 6th century AD. The caves complex was documented in 1823 by one Captain James Delamaine; it is now an ASI-protected site and a tourist destination.
Statement 2 is correct: The Buddhist sculptures and caves (in Nashik) are a significant early example of Indian rock-cut architecture representing the Hinayana tradition of Buddhism. All the caves have verandahs and the characteristic square stone platform for monks.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The "Pandavleni" name sometimes given to the Nasik Caves has nothing to do with the characters Pandavas, characters in the Mahabharata epic.